GSM8K
BenchmarkFree8.5K grade school math problems — multi-step reasoning, verifiable solutions, reasoning benchmark.
Capabilities8 decomposed
multi-step mathematical reasoning benchmark evaluation
Medium confidenceProvides a curated dataset of 8,500 grade school math word problems (7,500 training, 1,000 test) requiring 2-8 sequential reasoning steps with basic arithmetic operations. Each problem includes human-written step-by-step solutions with embedded calculation annotations marked by << >> delimiters, enabling models to learn both reasoning patterns and accurate computation. The benchmark is designed to stress-test language models on genuine multi-step mathematical logic rather than pattern matching, with linguistic diversity across problems to prevent overfitting to specific phrasings.
Combines human-written diverse problem phrasing with embedded calculation annotations (marked via << >> delimiters) that models can learn from during training and leverage during inference, creating a bridge between language understanding and accurate computation that most benchmarks treat separately
More challenging than simple arithmetic benchmarks (MATH, SVAMP) because it requires genuine multi-step decomposition rather than single-operation problems, yet more accessible than competition-level math datasets, making it ideal for identifying reasoning gaps in production models
calculator-integrated solution generation with annotation parsing
Medium confidenceImplements a calculator system that parses embedded mathematical expressions marked with << expression >> delimiters within solution text, evaluates them accurately during model generation, and replaces placeholders with computed results. This allows language models to generate solutions that include both natural language reasoning and precise arithmetic without relying on the model's own numerical computation capabilities. The system works at both training time (where annotations are treated as normal text for learning) and inference time (where expressions are detected, evaluated, and substituted with results).
Embeds calculator invocation directly within the solution text generation process using a lightweight annotation syntax (<<...>>) rather than requiring separate function-calling APIs or tool-use protocols, making it trainable end-to-end and reducing the cognitive load on models to decide when and how to use external computation
More integrated than separate tool-calling systems (which require explicit function signatures and API schemas) because the calculator syntax is learned as part of the solution text itself, enabling tighter coupling between reasoning and computation without the overhead of structured function-calling protocols
solution correctness evaluation via answer extraction and comparison
Medium confidenceImplements an automated evaluation system that extracts final numeric answers from generated solutions by parsing the #### delimiter (which marks the final answer in the standard format), compares extracted answers against ground truth values, and computes accuracy metrics. The system handles both exact numeric matching and can be extended to support approximate matching or alternative valid solution paths. This enables rapid evaluation of model performance across the entire benchmark without manual inspection.
Uses a simple delimiter-based answer extraction approach (#### marker) rather than complex NLP parsing or regex patterns, making it robust to diverse solution phrasings while remaining easy to implement and debug — the simplicity is intentional to avoid false negatives from overly strict parsing
More reliable than regex-based answer extraction because it leverages the structured format of the dataset (where all solutions follow the #### convention), avoiding the brittleness of pattern-matching approaches that fail on minor formatting variations
socratic format problem generation with guided reasoning subquestions
Medium confidenceProvides an alternative dataset format (train_socratic.jsonl, test_socratic.jsonl) that augments standard math problems with Socratic-style guided reasoning subquestions. These subquestions decompose the main problem into intermediate reasoning steps, helping models learn to break down complex problems into manageable substeps. The format enables training approaches that use intermediate supervision or chain-of-thought prompting, where models are encouraged to answer subquestions before attempting the final answer.
Provides human-written Socratic subquestions as part of the dataset rather than requiring models to generate their own decompositions, enabling direct supervision of intermediate reasoning steps and making it easier to train models on explicit problem-solving strategies
More structured than generic chain-of-thought datasets because subquestions are specifically designed to decompose each problem into solvable steps, whereas generic CoT datasets may contain arbitrary reasoning that doesn't necessarily improve problem-solving capability
example model solutions dataset with multiple model sizes
Medium confidenceIncludes a curated collection of model-generated solutions (example_model_solutions.jsonl) from various model architectures and sizes, showing how different models approach the same problems. This enables analysis of solution quality across model scales, study of failure modes and reasoning patterns, and comparison of how different architectures decompose problems. The dataset serves as both a reference for expected solution quality and a resource for analyzing model behavior.
Provides reference solutions from multiple model sizes and architectures as part of the benchmark dataset itself, enabling direct comparison of how different models approach the same problems rather than requiring researchers to generate their own baseline solutions
More valuable than generic leaderboards because it includes actual solution text and reasoning chains from multiple models, enabling deep analysis of reasoning patterns and failure modes rather than just aggregate accuracy numbers
json lines dataset loading and preprocessing pipeline
Medium confidenceImplements a standardized data loading system (dataset.py) that reads the .jsonl format files, parses problem-solution pairs, handles both standard and Socratic formats, and provides utilities for splitting data into training/validation/test sets. The system abstracts away file I/O and format parsing, providing a clean Python API for accessing problems, solutions, and metadata. This enables researchers to focus on model training rather than data engineering.
Provides a unified loading interface for both standard and Socratic dataset formats through a single API, abstracting away format differences and enabling seamless switching between dataset variants without changing downstream code
More convenient than raw JSON parsing because it handles the specific GSM8K format conventions (calculation annotations, answer delimiters, Socratic subquestions) automatically, reducing boilerplate and potential parsing errors in downstream code
model training and sampling utilities for math reasoning
Medium confidenceProvides training utilities and sampling strategies for fine-tuning language models on GSM8K data, including support for different training objectives (standard next-token prediction, intermediate supervision on subquestions, calculator-aware training). The system handles batching, sampling strategies (e.g., sampling multiple solutions per problem for pass@k evaluation), and integration with common training frameworks. This enables researchers to quickly set up training runs without implementing custom training loops.
Integrates calculator-aware training where models learn to recognize and generate calculation annotations, enabling end-to-end training that combines language understanding with accurate arithmetic rather than treating them as separate concerns
More specialized than generic training utilities because it handles GSM8K-specific requirements (calculation annotations, Socratic subquestions, answer extraction) natively, reducing the need for custom preprocessing and enabling faster experimentation
multi-step reasoning complexity stratification (2-8 steps)
Medium confidenceProblems are explicitly designed to require 2-8 sequential reasoning steps using basic arithmetic operations, with step counts documented in solutions. This stratification enables analysis of how model performance degrades with problem complexity and allows curriculum learning approaches that gradually increase difficulty. The step-by-step solution format makes reasoning complexity transparent and measurable.
Provides explicit step-by-step solutions that make reasoning complexity transparent and measurable, enabling direct analysis of how models handle multi-step chains, whereas most benchmarks only provide final answers without intermediate reasoning visibility
More analytically useful than single-answer benchmarks because step-level granularity reveals where reasoning breaks down, and more practical than synthetic complexity metrics because steps are human-authored and reflect actual problem structure
Capabilities are decomposed by AI analysis. Each maps to specific user intents and improves with match feedback.
Related Artifactssharing capabilities
Artifacts that share capabilities with GSM8K, ranked by overlap. Discovered automatically through the match graph.
MATH
12.5K competition math problems across 7 subjects and 5 difficulty levels.
gsm8k
Dataset by openai. 8,22,680 downloads.
DeepSeek: R1
DeepSeek R1 is here: Performance on par with [OpenAI o1](/openai/o1), but open-sourced and with fully open reasoning tokens. It's 671B parameters in size, with 37B active in an inference pass....
MATH Benchmark
12.5K competition math problems — AMC/AIME/Olympiad level, 7 subjects, standard math benchmark.
DeepSeek V3
671B MoE model matching GPT-4o at fraction of training cost.
o3-mini
Cost-efficient reasoning model with configurable effort levels.
Best For
- ✓AI researchers evaluating LLM mathematical reasoning capabilities
- ✓Teams fine-tuning models specifically for math problem-solving
- ✓Benchmark authors comparing model families on reasoning tasks
- ✓Organizations assessing whether their models can handle real-world quantitative reasoning
- ✓Teams training models specifically for math problem-solving where arithmetic accuracy is critical
- ✓Researchers studying how to integrate external tools (calculators) into language model generation workflows
- ✓Production systems where mathematical correctness is non-negotiable and cannot be approximated by the model
- ✓Researchers running large-scale model evaluations and needing automated scoring
Known Limitations
- ⚠Limited to grade school arithmetic operations — does not evaluate advanced mathematics (calculus, linear algebra, abstract reasoning)
- ⚠Problems are English-language only — no multilingual variants for non-English mathematical reasoning evaluation
- ⚠Test set is relatively small (1K examples) — may not capture all edge cases or problem variations in production systems
- ⚠Requires exact numeric answer matching for evaluation — does not credit partial credit or alternative valid solution paths
- ⚠Requires explicit annotation of calculations in training data — models must learn to recognize and use the << >> syntax
- ⚠Limited to basic arithmetic operations — does not support symbolic math, calculus, or complex mathematical functions
Requirements
Input / Output
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About
8,500 grade school math word problems requiring multi-step reasoning. Each problem has 2-8 reasoning steps. Created by OpenAI. Simple enough to verify but requires genuine mathematical reasoning.
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