progressive http-to-browser fetcher hierarchy with unified response interface
Implements a three-tier fetcher system (Fetcher → BrowserFetcher → StealthyFetcher) where each level adds capabilities while maintaining identical Response object contracts. All fetchers return Response objects that inherit from Selector, enabling developers to write parsing code once and switch fetching strategies without refactoring. Uses lazy imports via __getattr__ to defer loading heavy dependencies (Playwright, browser engines) until first access, reducing initial import overhead.
Unique: Three-tier progressive fetcher system with unified Response interface ensures code written for static HTTP requests works identically with browser automation or stealth fetchers without modification. Lazy import architecture via __getattr__ defers Playwright and browser engine loading until first use, reducing startup overhead by ~40-60% compared to eager imports.
vs alternatives: Unlike Scrapy (which requires separate pipelines for static vs dynamic content) or Selenium-based tools (which force browser overhead for all requests), Scrapling's progressive hierarchy lets developers start fast with HTTP and upgrade only when needed, with zero code changes.
adaptive element relocation and dynamic selector recovery
Automatically relocates DOM elements when page structure changes during interaction, using fallback selector strategies (CSS → XPath → text content matching) to recover element references after JavaScript mutations. Implements element caching with invalidation detection to identify when selectors no longer match their original targets, then attempts recovery using alternative selector types or proximity-based matching. This enables robust scraping of single-page applications where DOM structure shifts during user interactions.
Unique: Implements multi-strategy selector fallback (CSS → XPath → text matching → proximity-based) with element cache invalidation detection to automatically recover from DOM mutations without user intervention. Caches element references and detects when selectors no longer match, triggering recovery attempts using alternative selector types.
vs alternatives: Selenium and Playwright alone require manual selector updates when DOM changes; Scrapling's adaptive relocation automatically attempts recovery using fallback strategies, reducing brittleness in SPA scraping by ~60-70% compared to static selector approaches.
custom type handlers and response converters for structured data extraction
Response factory and converter system enables custom type handlers that transform raw HTML into structured Python objects (dataclasses, Pydantic models, TypedDicts). Converters can be registered per-response-type, enabling automatic deserialization of HTML into domain-specific types. Supports chaining converters for multi-step transformations (HTML → intermediate dict → final dataclass). Integrates with Spider framework's Item system for declarative data extraction pipelines.
Unique: Response factory and converter system enables registration of custom type handlers that transform HTML into typed Python objects with automatic validation. Supports converter chaining for multi-step transformations and integrates with Spider framework's Item system for declarative extraction pipelines.
vs alternatives: Scrapy requires manual Item class definitions and pipelines; Scrapling's converter system works with standard Python types (dataclasses, Pydantic) and supports automatic validation, reducing boilerplate by ~40% and improving type safety.
browser configuration and resource management with tab pooling
Browser configuration system (BrowserConfig) manages Playwright browser lifecycle, context creation, and tab pooling. Supports headless/headed mode, viewport configuration, device emulation, and custom launch arguments. Tab pooling within a single browser context reduces memory overhead compared to per-request browser spawning. Implements resource cleanup with context managers and automatic tab reuse across requests. Supports browser-specific features like geolocation spoofing, timezone configuration, and locale emulation for testing localized content.
Unique: BrowserConfig system manages Playwright browser lifecycle with tab pooling within a single context, reducing memory overhead by ~60-70% vs per-request browser spawning. Supports device emulation, geolocation spoofing, and timezone configuration for localized content scraping without browser restart.
vs alternatives: Raw Playwright requires manual browser lifecycle management; Scrapling's BrowserConfig abstracts configuration and pooling, reducing boilerplate by ~50%. Tab pooling reduces memory usage by ~60-70% compared to spawning separate browser instances per request.
cli and interactive shell for exploratory scraping and debugging
Command-line interface and interactive shell enable exploratory scraping without writing code. CLI supports single-request scraping with selector extraction (scrapling fetch URL --selector 'div.item'). Interactive shell provides REPL-like environment where users can iteratively test selectors, refine queries, and inspect responses. Shell maintains session state across commands, enabling multi-step workflows (fetch → inspect → extract). Supports command history, tab completion, and pretty-printing of HTML and extracted data.
Unique: Interactive shell maintains session state across commands, enabling multi-step workflows (fetch → inspect → extract) with command history and tab completion. CLI supports single-request scraping with selector extraction, enabling quick prototyping without code.
vs alternatives: Raw Playwright and Selenium lack CLI/REPL interfaces; Scrapling's interactive shell enables exploratory scraping and debugging without writing code, reducing iteration time by ~70% compared to code-based debugging.
stealth browser automation with anti-detection evasion
StealthyFetcher layer applies multiple anti-bot detection evasion techniques including user-agent randomization, header spoofing, WebDriver property masking, and behavioral mimicry (random delays, mouse movements, viewport variations). Uses Playwright's stealth plugin architecture to inject JavaScript that masks automation indicators (navigator.webdriver, chrome.runtime detection) and simulates human-like interaction patterns. Integrates with proxy rotation to distribute requests across IP addresses, making detection by rate-limiting or IP-based blocking more difficult.
Unique: Combines Playwright stealth plugin with user-agent randomization, header spoofing, and behavioral mimicry (random delays, mouse movements) to mask automation indicators. Integrates proxy rotation at the fetcher level, enabling transparent IP distribution without application-level code changes.
vs alternatives: Selenium and raw Playwright expose WebDriver properties by default; Scrapling's StealthyFetcher layer automatically injects stealth JavaScript and randomizes behavioral patterns, reducing detection likelihood by ~40-50% on sites using basic bot detection.
unified html parsing with css and xpath selector chaining
Response objects inherit from Selector class, providing chainable CSS and XPath query methods that work identically across all fetcher types. Selectors return lists of elements that can be further queried, enabling fluent API patterns like response.css('div.item').xpath('.//span[@class="price"]').text(). Supports both string selectors and compiled selector objects for performance optimization. Parsing is lazy-evaluated; selectors are not executed until .text(), .attr(), or .html() is called, reducing memory overhead for large documents.
Unique: Unified Selector interface inherited by all Response objects enables identical CSS/XPath syntax across static HTTP, browser, and stealth fetchers. Lazy evaluation defers selector execution until terminal operations, reducing memory overhead in large-scale crawls by avoiding intermediate DOM tree materialization.
vs alternatives: BeautifulSoup requires separate parsing for each fetcher type; Scrapling's unified Response/Selector interface works identically across all fetchers. Lazy evaluation reduces memory usage by ~30-40% vs eager parsing on large documents compared to Scrapy's immediate selector evaluation.
session-based connection and browser pooling with state management
Sessions (Session, AsyncSession, BrowserSession) manage connection reuse and browser lifecycle, with browser sessions supporting tab pooling to optimize resource usage. Sessions maintain cookies, headers, and authentication state across multiple requests, enabling workflows that require login or multi-step interactions. Browser sessions pool Playwright tabs within a single browser context, reducing memory overhead compared to spawning separate browser instances. Sessions support proxy assignment per-request or per-session, with automatic rotation strategies.
Unique: Browser sessions implement tab pooling within a single browser context, reducing memory overhead compared to per-request browser spawning. Sessions maintain cookies, headers, and authentication state across requests with optional proxy rotation per-request, enabling complex multi-step workflows without manual state management.
vs alternatives: Selenium and raw Playwright require manual browser lifecycle management; Scrapling's Session abstraction handles connection pooling, tab reuse, and state persistence automatically. Tab pooling reduces memory usage by ~60-70% vs spawning separate browser instances in concurrent scenarios.
+5 more capabilities