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| Quality | 0 | 0 |
| Ecosystem | 0 | 0 |
| Match Graph | 0 | 0 |
| Pricing | Paid | Paid |
| Starting Price | $2.90e-7 per prompt token | $6.00e-7 per prompt token |
| Capabilities | 11 decomposed | 11 decomposed |
| Times Matched | 0 | 0 |
Generates code across multiple programming languages using a 10-billion parameter sparse mixture-of-experts architecture that activates only necessary computational pathways per token, reducing latency and inference cost compared to dense models while maintaining code quality. The model uses selective parameter activation to route different code patterns (syntax, logic, libraries) through specialized expert networks, enabling fast completion and generation without full model computation.
Unique: Uses sparse mixture-of-experts with 10B activated parameters instead of dense 70B+ models, achieving sub-500ms latency through selective expert routing while maintaining competitive code quality across 40+ languages
vs alternatives: Faster and cheaper than Copilot or Claude for code generation due to sparse activation, but may sacrifice nuance on complex multi-file refactoring compared to dense 70B+ models
Enables multi-step reasoning and tool-use workflows by integrating function calling capabilities with chain-of-thought decomposition, allowing the model to plan tasks, call external APIs/tools, and adapt based on results. The model processes tool schemas, generates structured function calls, and maintains reasoning state across multiple turns to coordinate complex workflows without explicit orchestration code.
Unique: Combines sparse-activation efficiency with agentic reasoning, enabling cost-effective multi-turn tool orchestration without the latency overhead of larger models, using selective expert routing to optimize for planning and tool-call generation
vs alternatives: More cost-effective than GPT-4 or Claude for agentic workflows due to sparse activation, but may require more explicit prompt engineering for complex multi-tool coordination compared to larger models
Improves response quality through few-shot examples and prompt engineering by encoding example input-output pairs into the context window and using attention mechanisms to learn patterns from examples. The model generalizes from provided examples to handle similar tasks without explicit fine-tuning, adapting its behavior based on demonstrated patterns.
Unique: Leverages sparse expert routing to activate task-specific experts based on example patterns, enabling efficient few-shot learning without full model computation while maintaining generation quality
vs alternatives: More flexible than fine-tuned models for rapid task changes, but less reliable than fine-tuning for consistent performance on complex tasks
Delivers tokens incrementally via server-sent events (SSE) or streaming HTTP responses, enabling real-time display of generated text in user interfaces without waiting for full response completion. The model streams tokens at sub-100ms intervals, allowing frontend applications to render text progressively and provide immediate feedback to users.
Unique: Optimized streaming implementation leveraging sparse activation to reduce per-token latency, enabling sub-100ms token delivery intervals without sacrificing throughput, making it suitable for real-time interactive applications
vs alternatives: Faster token delivery than dense models due to sparse activation, providing better real-time UX than batch-only APIs, though streaming overhead is higher than optimized batch inference
Processes and generates code across 40+ programming languages (Python, JavaScript, Java, C++, Go, Rust, etc.) using language-agnostic tokenization and language-specific expert routing within the sparse mixture-of-experts architecture. The model maintains consistent code quality and semantic understanding across languages by routing language-specific patterns through dedicated expert networks.
Unique: Uses language-specific expert routing within sparse MoE to maintain consistent code quality across 40+ languages without separate model checkpoints, enabling efficient polyglot code generation through selective expert activation per language
vs alternatives: More efficient than maintaining separate language-specific models, but may sacrifice language-specific optimization compared to specialized models like Codex for Python or specialized Rust models
Generates contextually relevant code completions by leveraging surrounding code context, function signatures, imports, and project structure to inform generation. The model uses attention mechanisms to weight relevant context tokens and sparse expert routing to select code-generation experts based on detected patterns in the surrounding code.
Unique: Combines sparse expert routing with attention-based context weighting to deliver fast context-aware completions without full codebase indexing, using selective expert activation to optimize for completion generation based on detected code patterns
vs alternatives: Faster than Copilot for single-file completions due to sparse activation, but lacks persistent codebase indexing for cross-file context awareness that Copilot Enterprise provides
Maintains conversation history and generates contextually relevant responses across multiple turns by encoding previous messages into the model's context window and using attention mechanisms to track conversation state. The model processes the full conversation history (up to context limit) to generate responses that reference prior messages, maintain topic coherence, and adapt tone based on conversation flow.
Unique: Optimizes multi-turn conversation through sparse expert routing that activates conversation-specific experts based on detected dialogue patterns, reducing per-turn latency while maintaining coherence across turns
vs alternatives: More cost-effective than GPT-4 for long conversations due to sparse activation, but may lose context in very long conversations (100+ turns) compared to models with larger context windows
Generates structured outputs (JSON, YAML, XML) that conform to provided schemas by constraining token generation to valid schema paths and validating outputs against schema constraints. The model uses guided generation or constrained decoding to ensure outputs match specified formats without post-processing or validation logic.
Unique: Implements constrained generation through sparse expert routing that enforces schema validity at token level, avoiding invalid outputs without post-processing while maintaining generation speed through selective expert activation
vs alternatives: More efficient schema enforcement than post-processing validation, but may sacrifice generation flexibility compared to models with larger context windows for complex schema navigation
+3 more capabilities
GLM-4.5 uses a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture to dynamically route tokens through specialized expert networks based on input characteristics, enabling efficient processing of 128k-token contexts without proportional latency increases. The MoE design allows selective expert activation per token, reducing computational overhead while maintaining reasoning depth across extended conversations and multi-document analysis tasks typical of agent-based workflows.
Unique: Mixture-of-Experts routing specifically tuned for agent workloads rather than generic dense models; expert activation patterns are optimized for tool-use sequences and multi-step reasoning rather than general language tasks
vs alternatives: Outperforms dense models like GPT-4 Turbo on agent tasks within 128k context by routing computational budget to relevant experts, reducing latency and cost vs. models that process all tokens through identical layers
GLM-4.5 implements native function calling through a schema-based registry where tools are defined as JSON schemas with parameter constraints, type validation, and description metadata. The model learns to emit structured tool invocations that map directly to function signatures, enabling deterministic tool orchestration without post-processing or regex parsing. Integration with OpenRouter's API exposes this via standard function-calling parameters compatible with OpenAI's format.
Unique: Schema-based function calling is trained directly into the model weights rather than implemented as post-hoc decoding constraints, allowing the model to learn semantic relationships between tool purposes and input context during training
vs alternatives: More reliable than constraint-based function calling (e.g., Guidance, LMQL) because tool selection is learned rather than enforced, reducing parsing failures and enabling the model to reason about tool applicability
MiniMax: MiniMax M2.1 scores higher at 24/100 vs Z.ai: GLM 4.5 at 24/100.
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GLM-4.5 can be used for batch inference through OpenRouter's API, enabling cost-optimized processing of large numbers of requests. Batch processing typically offers reduced pricing compared to real-time API calls and is suitable for non-urgent inference tasks. The model can process batches of prompts efficiently, with results returned after processing completes. This is valuable for agents running scheduled tasks or processing large datasets.
Unique: Batch processing is offered through OpenRouter's unified API rather than a separate batch service, enabling seamless switching between real-time and batch modes with the same client code
vs alternatives: More cost-effective than real-time API for high-volume inference; simpler than managing separate batch infrastructure because OpenRouter handles queuing and result delivery
GLM-4.5 maintains coherent conversation state across turns by encoding prior messages into a compressed representation that persists within the 128k context window. The model uses attention mechanisms to selectively retrieve relevant prior context, enabling agents to reference earlier decisions, tool results, and user preferences without explicit memory management. This is particularly effective for agent workflows where state accumulation (e.g., task progress, discovered facts) must inform subsequent actions.
Unique: Implicit memory management through attention-based context selection rather than explicit memory modules; the model learns which prior turns are relevant without separate retrieval or summarization steps
vs alternatives: More efficient than explicit memory systems (e.g., LangChain's ConversationBufferMemory) because attention is computed once during inference rather than requiring separate retrieval and summarization passes
GLM-4.5 generates code across 40+ programming languages by leveraging training data that includes diverse codebases and syntax patterns. The model understands language-specific idioms, library conventions, and structural patterns (e.g., async/await in JavaScript, type hints in Python, generics in Java) without explicit language-specific modules. Generation is context-aware, respecting indentation, existing code style, and project conventions when completing or extending code snippets.
Unique: Language-agnostic code generation trained on diverse codebases rather than language-specific fine-tuning; the model generalizes syntax patterns across languages, enabling reasonable code generation even for less common languages
vs alternatives: Broader language coverage than specialized models like Codex (which emphasizes Python/JavaScript) but lower quality on niche languages compared to language-specific models; better for polyglot teams than single-language specialists
GLM-4.5 is trained on extensive technical documentation, API references, and code examples, enabling it to understand and reason about complex technical concepts, library APIs, and system architectures. The model can parse API schemas (OpenAPI, GraphQL, Protocol Buffers), understand parameter constraints and type systems, and generate code that correctly uses APIs based on documentation. This is particularly valuable for agent workflows that must interact with external systems.
Unique: Semantic understanding of API schemas and documentation is learned from training data rather than implemented as a separate schema parser; the model reasons about API semantics holistically
vs alternatives: More flexible than code-generation-only models because it understands API semantics and can reason about correctness; better than generic LLMs for technical tasks because training includes extensive API documentation
GLM-4.5 can generate responses that explicitly show reasoning steps, enabling transparency into how conclusions were reached. When prompted with chain-of-thought patterns, the model generates intermediate reasoning steps before final answers, making it suitable for applications requiring explainability or verification. This is implemented through training on reasoning-annotated data and prompt patterns that encourage step-by-step decomposition.
Unique: Chain-of-thought reasoning is trained directly into the model rather than implemented as a decoding strategy; the model learns to generate reasoning steps as part of its core training objective
vs alternatives: More natural and coherent reasoning steps than prompt-injection approaches (e.g., appending 'think step by step') because reasoning is learned as a first-class capability
GLM-4.5 supports multiple languages (Chinese, English, and others) with training that enables cross-lingual reasoning — understanding concepts expressed in one language and reasoning about them in another. The model can translate, summarize, and reason across languages without language-specific degradation. This is particularly valuable for global applications and agents that must operate in multilingual environments.
Unique: Cross-lingual reasoning is learned from multilingual training data rather than implemented as separate language-specific models; the model develops a shared representation across languages
vs alternatives: More efficient than maintaining separate models per language because a single model handles all languages; better for cross-lingual reasoning than language-specific models because the shared representation enables concept transfer
+3 more capabilities