| Quality | 0 | 0 |
| Ecosystem | 0 | 0 |
| Match Graph | 0 | 0 |
| Pricing | Paid | Paid |
| Starting Price | $3.90e-7 per prompt token | $6.00e-7 per prompt token |
| Capabilities | 9 decomposed | 11 decomposed |
| Times Matched | 0 | 0 |
Generates coherent multi-turn conversations and long-form text outputs within a 200K token context window, enabling processing of documents, codebases, and conversation histories that would exceed typical model limits. The architecture maintains semantic coherence across extended sequences through optimized attention mechanisms and positional encoding schemes designed to handle the expanded token budget without degradation in reasoning quality or response relevance.
Unique: 200K token context window represents a 56% increase from the previous 128K generation, achieved through architectural improvements in positional encoding and attention optimization that maintain coherence at scale without requiring external retrieval augmentation for mid-length documents
vs alternatives: Larger context window than GPT-4 Turbo (128K) and competitive with Claude 3.5 Sonnet (200K), enabling single-pass analysis of complex multi-document scenarios without context switching or retrieval overhead
Maintains coherent dialogue state across multiple conversation turns by tracking message history, user intent evolution, and contextual references within the 200K token budget. The model uses transformer-based attention mechanisms to weight recent messages more heavily while preserving long-range dependencies, enabling natural conversation flow without explicit state management overhead on the client side.
Unique: Leverages the expanded 200K context window to maintain full conversation history without truncation for typical use cases, combined with optimized attention patterns that preserve coherence across 50+ turn conversations without explicit memory compression
vs alternatives: Handles longer conversation histories natively compared to models with 8K-32K windows, reducing need for external conversation summarization or sliding-window truncation strategies that degrade context quality
Analyzes and generates code with awareness of entire file structures, imports, and cross-file dependencies by processing complete codebases within the 200K token context. The model uses transformer attention to identify structural patterns, dependency relationships, and semantic meaning across multiple files simultaneously, enabling context-aware code completion, refactoring suggestions, and bug detection without requiring external AST parsing or symbol table construction.
Unique: 200K context enables single-pass analysis of entire medium-sized codebases without requiring external code indexing, AST parsing, or symbol resolution; the model's transformer architecture naturally captures cross-file dependencies through attention patterns rather than explicit graph traversal
vs alternatives: Outperforms Copilot and Cursor for multi-file refactoring because it processes full codebase context at once rather than relying on local file indexing or cloud-based symbol servers, reducing latency and improving coherence for large-scale changes
Processes long-form documents (research papers, technical specifications, legal contracts, reports) and extracts structured information, summaries, and insights by maintaining full document context within the 200K token window. The model applies reading comprehension patterns learned during training to identify key sections, extract entities, relationships, and actionable insights, then formats output as JSON, tables, or natural language summaries based on user specification.
Unique: 200K context window enables processing entire documents without chunking, preserving document structure and cross-references that would be lost in sliding-window approaches; the model's attention mechanism naturally identifies document hierarchy and section relationships
vs alternatives: Superior to RAG-based document analysis for single-document extraction because it avoids chunking artifacts and retrieval latency, while maintaining full document coherence for comparative analysis across multiple documents
Performs complex multi-step reasoning, problem decomposition, and planning tasks by leveraging the 200K token context to maintain detailed intermediate reasoning steps, hypotheses, and decision trees. The model generates explicit chain-of-thought outputs that trace logical progression from problem statement through analysis to conclusion, enabling transparency in reasoning and the ability to backtrack or explore alternative approaches within a single generation.
Unique: Extended context window enables multi-page chain-of-thought reasoning without truncation, allowing the model to explore multiple reasoning paths, backtrack, and reconsider assumptions within a single generation rather than requiring multiple API calls
vs alternatives: Produces more transparent and verifiable reasoning than models with shorter context windows because it can maintain full reasoning history; enables human-in-the-loop validation of intermediate steps rather than just final answers
Provides OpenAI-compatible Chat Completions API interface accessible through OpenRouter, enabling drop-in integration with existing LLM applications without code changes. The model is exposed via standard HTTP endpoints supporting streaming responses, function calling, temperature/top-p sampling controls, and batch processing, with OpenRouter handling authentication, rate limiting, load balancing, and provider failover.
Unique: Accessible exclusively through OpenRouter's unified API layer rather than direct provider endpoints, providing standardized interface across diverse model families (Anthropic, OpenAI, open-source) with consistent error handling and rate limiting
vs alternatives: Enables model switching without application code changes compared to direct provider APIs, and provides cost comparison tools and usage analytics through OpenRouter dashboard that direct APIs don't offer
Generates and understands text across multiple languages with maintained semantic coherence and cultural appropriateness, leveraging training data spanning diverse language families. The model applies language-agnostic transformer patterns to handle morphological complexity, script differences, and idiomatic expressions, enabling code-switching, translation-adjacent tasks, and multilingual reasoning within single prompts.
Unique: GLM 4.6 is trained on multilingual data with particular strength in Chinese and English, providing better performance for CJK languages compared to English-first models like GPT-4, while maintaining competitive performance across European languages
vs alternatives: Outperforms English-centric models on Chinese language tasks and code-switching scenarios due to balanced training data, while remaining competitive with specialized translation models for single-language translation tasks
Enables the model to request execution of external functions or tools by returning structured function call specifications that client applications parse and execute. The model learns to identify when a task requires external computation (API calls, database queries, code execution) and generates properly-formatted function call requests with parameters, which the client application executes and returns results for the model to incorporate into final responses.
Unique: Supports OpenAI-compatible function calling schema through OpenRouter, enabling standardized tool integration without model-specific adapters; the model learns to decompose tasks into function calls based on schema descriptions rather than requiring explicit instruction
vs alternatives: Provides standardized function calling interface compatible with existing LLM agent frameworks (LangChain, LlamaIndex) compared to proprietary tool-calling formats, reducing integration effort and enabling model switching
+1 more capabilities
GLM-4.5 uses a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture to dynamically route tokens through specialized expert networks based on input characteristics, enabling efficient processing of 128k-token contexts without proportional latency increases. The MoE design allows selective expert activation per token, reducing computational overhead while maintaining reasoning depth across extended conversations and multi-document analysis tasks typical of agent-based workflows.
Unique: Mixture-of-Experts routing specifically tuned for agent workloads rather than generic dense models; expert activation patterns are optimized for tool-use sequences and multi-step reasoning rather than general language tasks
vs alternatives: Outperforms dense models like GPT-4 Turbo on agent tasks within 128k context by routing computational budget to relevant experts, reducing latency and cost vs. models that process all tokens through identical layers
GLM-4.5 implements native function calling through a schema-based registry where tools are defined as JSON schemas with parameter constraints, type validation, and description metadata. The model learns to emit structured tool invocations that map directly to function signatures, enabling deterministic tool orchestration without post-processing or regex parsing. Integration with OpenRouter's API exposes this via standard function-calling parameters compatible with OpenAI's format.
Unique: Schema-based function calling is trained directly into the model weights rather than implemented as post-hoc decoding constraints, allowing the model to learn semantic relationships between tool purposes and input context during training
vs alternatives: More reliable than constraint-based function calling (e.g., Guidance, LMQL) because tool selection is learned rather than enforced, reducing parsing failures and enabling the model to reason about tool applicability
Z.ai: GLM 4.5 scores higher at 24/100 vs Z.ai: GLM 4.6 at 23/100.
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GLM-4.5 can be used for batch inference through OpenRouter's API, enabling cost-optimized processing of large numbers of requests. Batch processing typically offers reduced pricing compared to real-time API calls and is suitable for non-urgent inference tasks. The model can process batches of prompts efficiently, with results returned after processing completes. This is valuable for agents running scheduled tasks or processing large datasets.
Unique: Batch processing is offered through OpenRouter's unified API rather than a separate batch service, enabling seamless switching between real-time and batch modes with the same client code
vs alternatives: More cost-effective than real-time API for high-volume inference; simpler than managing separate batch infrastructure because OpenRouter handles queuing and result delivery
GLM-4.5 maintains coherent conversation state across turns by encoding prior messages into a compressed representation that persists within the 128k context window. The model uses attention mechanisms to selectively retrieve relevant prior context, enabling agents to reference earlier decisions, tool results, and user preferences without explicit memory management. This is particularly effective for agent workflows where state accumulation (e.g., task progress, discovered facts) must inform subsequent actions.
Unique: Implicit memory management through attention-based context selection rather than explicit memory modules; the model learns which prior turns are relevant without separate retrieval or summarization steps
vs alternatives: More efficient than explicit memory systems (e.g., LangChain's ConversationBufferMemory) because attention is computed once during inference rather than requiring separate retrieval and summarization passes
GLM-4.5 generates code across 40+ programming languages by leveraging training data that includes diverse codebases and syntax patterns. The model understands language-specific idioms, library conventions, and structural patterns (e.g., async/await in JavaScript, type hints in Python, generics in Java) without explicit language-specific modules. Generation is context-aware, respecting indentation, existing code style, and project conventions when completing or extending code snippets.
Unique: Language-agnostic code generation trained on diverse codebases rather than language-specific fine-tuning; the model generalizes syntax patterns across languages, enabling reasonable code generation even for less common languages
vs alternatives: Broader language coverage than specialized models like Codex (which emphasizes Python/JavaScript) but lower quality on niche languages compared to language-specific models; better for polyglot teams than single-language specialists
GLM-4.5 is trained on extensive technical documentation, API references, and code examples, enabling it to understand and reason about complex technical concepts, library APIs, and system architectures. The model can parse API schemas (OpenAPI, GraphQL, Protocol Buffers), understand parameter constraints and type systems, and generate code that correctly uses APIs based on documentation. This is particularly valuable for agent workflows that must interact with external systems.
Unique: Semantic understanding of API schemas and documentation is learned from training data rather than implemented as a separate schema parser; the model reasons about API semantics holistically
vs alternatives: More flexible than code-generation-only models because it understands API semantics and can reason about correctness; better than generic LLMs for technical tasks because training includes extensive API documentation
GLM-4.5 can generate responses that explicitly show reasoning steps, enabling transparency into how conclusions were reached. When prompted with chain-of-thought patterns, the model generates intermediate reasoning steps before final answers, making it suitable for applications requiring explainability or verification. This is implemented through training on reasoning-annotated data and prompt patterns that encourage step-by-step decomposition.
Unique: Chain-of-thought reasoning is trained directly into the model rather than implemented as a decoding strategy; the model learns to generate reasoning steps as part of its core training objective
vs alternatives: More natural and coherent reasoning steps than prompt-injection approaches (e.g., appending 'think step by step') because reasoning is learned as a first-class capability
GLM-4.5 supports multiple languages (Chinese, English, and others) with training that enables cross-lingual reasoning — understanding concepts expressed in one language and reasoning about them in another. The model can translate, summarize, and reason across languages without language-specific degradation. This is particularly valuable for global applications and agents that must operate in multilingual environments.
Unique: Cross-lingual reasoning is learned from multilingual training data rather than implemented as separate language-specific models; the model develops a shared representation across languages
vs alternatives: More efficient than maintaining separate models per language because a single model handles all languages; better for cross-lingual reasoning than language-specific models because the shared representation enables concept transfer
+3 more capabilities